Appendix:English pronunciation
| enPR-reform | enPR-AHD | Lexical set | Diaphonic IPA | Dialectal IPA & Dialectal enPR-reform | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fully Diaphonic | Semi-Diaphonic |  RP
|
 GA
|
 CanE
|
 AuE
|
 NZE
|
 ScE
|
 WelE
| |||
| \\ä\\ | PALM | //ɑː// | /ɑː/ \ä\ | /ɑ/ \ä\ | /ɐː/ \ä\ | /a/ \ă\ | /ɑː/ \ä\ | ||||
| \\är\\ | START | //ɑːr// | /ɑɹ/ \är\ | /aɾ/ \ăr\ | /ɑː(ɾ)/ \ä(r)\ | ||||||
| \\ă\\ | TRAP | //æ// | /æ/ \ă\ | /ɛ/ \ă\ | /a/ \ă\ | ||||||
| \\ăr\\ | TRAP + r | //ær// | /æɹ/ \ăr\ | /æɹ/ \ăr\, /ɛɹ/ \ĕr\ | /ɛɹ/ \ĕr\ | /æɹ/ \ăr\ | /ɛɹ/ \ăr\ | /aɾ/ \ăr\ | |||
| \\ā\\ | FACE | //eː// | //eɪ// | /eɪ/ \ā\ | /æɪ/ \ā\ | /e/ \ā\ | /eː/ \ā\,[1] /ej/ \ā\[2] | ||||
| \\ā\\ | STAY | //eɪ// | /ej/ \āi\,[1] /ej/ \ā\[2] | ||||||||
| \\â\\ | \\ä\\, \\ă\\ | BATH | //æː// | //æ//, //ɑː// | /ɑː/ \ä\ | /æ/ \ă\ | /ɐː/ \ä\ | /a/ \ă\ | /ɑː/ \ä\, /a/ \ă\ | ||
| \\âr\\ | SQUARE | //ɛər// | /eə/ \âr\ | /ɛəɹ/ \âr\, /ɛɹ/ \ĕr\ | /eː/ \âr\ | /eə/ \âr\, /iə/ \ēr\ | /eɾ/ \ār\ | /ɛː/ \âr\,[3] /eːɾ/ \âr\,[4] /ejɾ/ \âr\[5] | |||
| \\âir\\ | \\âr\\ | AIRED | //ɛːr// | //ɛər// | /ɛː/ \âr\,[3] /ejɾ/ \âir\,[4] /ejɾ/ \âr\[5] | ||||||
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Used by speakers without the toe-tow merger.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Used by speakers with the toe-tow merger.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Used by non-rhotic speakers, regardless of the toe-tow merger.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Used by rhotic speakers without the toe-tow merger.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Used by rhotic speakers with the toe-tow merger.